What it is
A methyl ester of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, the shortest-chain member of the paraben family. It is a white crystalline powder widely used since the 1920s.
What it does
Preservative that inhibits mold, yeast, and bacterial growth, extending the shelf life of water-based cosmetics, lotions, and personal care products.
Why it’s a concern
Parabens mimic estrogen by binding to estrogen receptors, though methylparaben binds more weakly than longer-chain parabens. A 2012 study in the Journal of Applied Toxicology by Darbre et al. detected intact parabens in 99% of breast tumour tissue samples analysed, raising questions about dermal absorption and accumulation. The EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety considers current use levels safe but continues to review aggregate exposure from multiple products.
Also known as
CAS numbers
Commonly found in
Safer alternatives
- sodium benzoate with potassium sorbate
- leucidal liquid (radish root ferment)
- ethylhexylglycerin plus phenoxyethanol at low levels
- glyceryl caprylate
Related chemical families
Sources
- EWG Skin Deep: Methylparaben
- Darbre et al. 2012, Journal of Applied Toxicology
- SCCS Opinion on Parabens